Single crystal solar panel

An assembly consisting of several monocrystalline silicon solar cells
A single crystal solar panel is an assembly made of several single crystal silicon solar cells assembled on a panel in a certain way. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is about 15%, and the highest is 24%. This is the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of all kinds of solar cells, but the production cost is so high that it cannot be widely and widely used. Monocrystalline silicon is generally packaged with tempered glass and waterproof resin, so it is sturdy and durable, with a service life of 15 years in general and 25 years at most. It is mainly used in the production of high-quality solar lamps, and its charging efficiency is higher than that of polycrystalline solar panels.
Crystal silicon battery panel: polycrystalline silicon solar cell, monocrystalline silicon solar cell.
Amorphous silicon battery panel: thin film solar cell, organic solar cell.
Chemical dye battery panel: dye sensitized solar cell.
At present, crystalline silicon materials (including polycrystalline silicon and monocrystalline silicon) are the most important photovoltaic materials, with a market share of more than 90%, and will remain the mainstream materials of solar cells for a long time to come. The production technology of polysilicon materials has long been in the hands of 10 factories of 7 companies in 3 countries, including the United States, Japan and Germany, forming a situation of technology blockade and market monopoly. The demand for polysilicon mainly comes from semiconductors and solar cells. According to different purity requirements, it can be divided into electronic grade and solar grade. Among them, electronic grade polysilicon accounts for about 55%, and solar grade polysilicon accounts for 45%. With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the growth rate of the demand for polysilicon from solar cells is higher than that of semiconductor polysilicon. It is estimated that the demand for solar polysilicon will exceed that of electronic grade polysilicon by 2008. In 1994, the total output of solar cells in the world was only 69MW, while in 2004 it was close to 1200MW, increasing 17 times in just 10 years. Experts predict that the solar photovoltaic industry will surpass nuclear power as one of the most important basic energy sources in the first half of the 21st century.
The sun shines on the semiconductor p-n junction, forming a new hole electron pair. Under the effect of the electric field of the p-n junction, holes flow from the n-area to the p-area, and electrons flow from the p-area to the n-area. After the circuit is connected, a current is formed. This is the working principle of photoelectric effect solar cells.
1、 Solar power generation There are two ways of solar power generation, one is light heat electricity conversion, the other is light electricity direct conversion.
(1) The light heat electricity conversion mode uses the heat energy generated by solar radiation to generate electricity. Generally, the solar collector converts the absorbed heat energy into steam of working medium, and then drives the steam turbine to generate electricity. The former process is light heat conversion process; The latter process is the thermal electric conversion process, which is the same as the ordinary thermal power generation The disadvantage of solar thermal power generation is its low efficiency and high cost. It is estimated that its investment is at least 5 to 10 times more expensive than that of ordinary thermal power plants A 1000MW solar thermal power station requires an investment of 2 to 2.5 billion dollars, with an average investment of 1 kW of 2000 to 2500 dollars. Therefore, it can only be applied to special occasions on a small scale, while large-scale utilization is not economical and can not compete with ordinary thermal power plants or nuclear power plants.
(2) Photoelectric direct conversion mode This mode uses the photoelectric effect to directly convert the solar radiation energy into electric energy. The basic device of photoelectric conversion is the solar cell. Solar cell is a device that directly converts solar energy into electrical energy due to photovoltaic effect. It is a semiconductor photodiode. When the sun shines on the photodiode, the photodiode will convert solar energy into electrical energy and generate current. When many cells are connected in series or in parallel, they can become a solar cell array with relatively large output power. Solar cell is a new type of power supply with great prospects. It has three advantages: permanence, cleanness and flexibility Solar cells have a long life. As long as the sun exists, solar cells can be invested once and used for a long time; Compared with thermal power generation and nuclear power generation, solar cells will not cause environmental pollution; Solar cells can be large, small and medium-sized at the same time, ranging from medium-sized power plants with a capacity of one million kilowatts to solar cell packs that only serve one household.
Raw materials of battery panel: glass, EVA, battery chip, aluminum alloy shell, tin coated copper sheet, stainless steel bracket, battery and other new coatings have been successfully developed
In addition to commonly used single crystal, polycrystalline and amorphous silicon cells, multi-component compound solar cells refer to solar cells that are not made of single element semiconductor materials. There are many varieties studied in various countries, most of which have not yet been industrialized, mainly including the following:
a) Cadmium sulfide solar cell
b) Gallium arsenide solar cell
c) Copper indium selenium solar cell
Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses photovoltaic effect of semiconductor interface to directly convert light energy into electrical energy. The key component of this technology is the solar cell. After the solar cells are connected in series, they can be packaged and protected to form a large area of solar cell modules, which together with power controller and other components form a photovoltaic power generation device. The advantage of photovoltaic power generation is that it is less limited by the region, because the sun shines on the earth; The photovoltaic system also has the advantages of safety, reliability, no noise, low pollution, no fuel consumption, local power generation and power supply without erecting transmission lines, and short construction period.
Photovoltaic power generation is based on the principle of photovoltaic effect, using solar cells to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. Whether used independently or connected to the grid for power generation, the photovoltaic power generation system is mainly composed of three parts: solar panels (modules), controllers and inverters, which are mainly composed of electronic components and do not involve mechanical parts. Therefore, the photovoltaic power generation equipment is extremely refined, reliable, stable, and has a long life, and is easy to install and maintain. In theory, photovoltaic power generation technology can be used in any situation where power is needed, from spacecraft to household power, from megawatt power stations to toys. Photovoltaic power is everywhere. The most basic elements of solar photovoltaic power generation are solar cells (chips), including monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon and thin film cells. Single crystal and polycrystalline batteries are used most, and amorphous batteries are used in some small systems and auxiliary power supplies for calculators.